模块三 语法专练：主谓一致
【考点透视】
在近年高考英语试题中，单项填空部分直接涉及到主谓一致的内容不是十分频繁，但是这并不是说主谓一致不重要，一方面在试题的其他方面有一定程度的体现，另一方面说明在今后的单选命题中考查主谓一致的几率更高。有关主谓一致的考点主要分布在：语法结构对主谓一致的影响；充当主语的词汇意义对主谓一致的影响；复合句中的主谓一致等。
主谓一致指的是谓语动词与主语在人称和数方面的一致。主谓一致有三项原则，即：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则是在特殊情况下对语法一致的补充。这里就一些情况作如下说明：
（一）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，谓语常用单数。如：
Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.
（二）不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数。如：
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future.
（三）不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
（四）从句作主语时：
1．what引导的主语从句，谓语动词视情况而定。
What we need is more time. / What we need are more teachers.
2．在“one of + 复数名词 + who / that”引导的从句中的动词用复数，但当one之前有the only等修饰语时，从句中的动词则用单数。如：
This is one of the girls who were late for the meeting.
This is the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.
（五）以and连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词通常用复数。如：
Walking and riding are good exercises.
但在以下几种情况中用单数：
1．当被修饰的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一个人、物或概念时。如：
The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.
2．当被连接的两个单数名词表示的是一副用具时。
A knife and fork is on the table.
（六）有些以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数：
1．表示学科名称的名词→单数；
2．国家或团体名称→单数；
3．the Olympic Games→复数；
4．当复数同形的名词，如：means，works等。
Every means has been tried. / All means have been tried.
（七）集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数：
1．police，people等名词→复数；
2．clothing，equipment，furniture等名词→单数；
3．family，class，public，population等名词表示个体时→单数；表示单位成员时→复数；
（八）all，most，half，the rest等不定代词作主语时，视其所代的名词或意思来决定谓语动词的单复数。
（九）a lot of/ lots of，a large quantity of等量词 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由这些量词后的名词决定。如：
A large quantity of people are needed here.
但large quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Large quantities of food / books are on the table.
（十）a kind of／kinds of作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由kind决定，type也是这样。如：
This kind of men is dangerous. / Men of this are dangerous.
（十一）分数或百分数 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由分数或百分数后的名词决定。
（十二）more than one ...，many a ...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Many a student has read the book.
（十三）or，either ... or ...，neither ... nor ...，not only ... but (also) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与就近的主语一致。
（十四）主语后面跟有like，as well as / with/ along with/ together with，except/ but / rather than， including/ besides/ in addition to等词组时，谓语根据主语而定。如：
The teacher together with his students was excited.
【题例精析】
【例1】- Mike, what did our monitor say just now?
- Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _______ to visit the museum _______ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. （2007南京一中卷）
A. is; is B. are; are
C. is; are D. are; is
【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是要理解题干结构，把握以every, no, each 等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词用作主语时的主谓一致以及定语从句中的主谓一致。
【要点精析】该题为一个带有定语从句的复合句，句中作定语的关系代词who指代先行词teachers，为复数，故谓语动词该用are；as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词要根据前一个主语决定；由 every, no, each 等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
【答案】D
【例2】 What the remote areas need _____ education to children and what the children need _____ good textbooks at the moment. （2007山东枣庄3月交流卷）
A. is; are B. are; is
C. was; were D. were; was
【易错点悟】解答该题关键是要注意由特殊疑问词what引导的主语从句作主语时的主谓一致关系。
【要点精析】一般情况下，what引导主语从句，常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式，但当它所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词要用复数形式。该题强调现在，用一般现在时态。
【答案】A
【专项检测】
1. Whom _______ this pair of glasses belong to and whose ________ the glasses on the table?
A. does; is B. do; are C. does; are D. do; is
2. There _______ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
3. The United States of America ________ one of the most developed countries in the world.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
4. “All ______ present and all ________ going on well,” our monitor said.
A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are
5. I have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which _________ very difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
6. The trouble with such resources as coal, oil and gas ______ that they are not renewable.
A. has been B. are C. have been D. is
7. More than one example _______ necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly.
A. should be B. is C. are D. have been
8. Although many of the houses in the small town ______ still in need of repair, there _______ lots of improvement in their appearance.
A. are; has been B. is; have been
C. is; are D. are; was
9. Going to bed early and getting up early _________ a good habit.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
10. The police _______ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with _______.
A. have; them B. has; him C. have; him D. has; them
11. My friend and classmate Paul ________ horse-riding in his spare time.
A. practice B. practices C. is practiced. D. is practicing
12. People like beautiful things, but the beautiful________ not always the useful.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
13. ―Are you very anxious?
―Yes. Ten minutes ________ like an hour when you are waiting for a phone call.
A. seem B. seems C. do D. does
14. On the wall ________ two large pictures of his parents.
A. hangs B. hanged C. hanging D. hang
15. That’s the one of the subjects that ___________ to start a conversation.
A. intends B. intend C. are intended D. is intended
16. I, who _________ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.
A. be B. am C. are D. is
17. Not only my brother but also I _______ good at painting. Both of us _________ good painters.
A. are; are B. am; are C. is; is D. are; is
18. Setting fire to the public buildings ________ highly dangerous and forbidden by law.
A. are B. is C. has D. were
19. _________ visitors to the UK were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of the British people were.
A. The number of B. A number of C. Numbers of D. Any numbers of
20. The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them _______ not.
A. was B. were C. being D. to be
21. “The public _______ the best judge.” means “the public always ______ their thoughts correctly.”
A. are; express B. are; expresses
C. is; express D. is; express
22. This kind of cakes ______ good while cakes of that kind ________ different.
A. taste; are B. tastes; are C. smells; is D. look; are
23. Where to find the teacher and where to do the experiment _________.
A. are not known B. is not known
C. has not known D. have not known
24. The manager or his secretary ______ to give you an interview.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
25. That they have cheated the boys ________ now clear to us all.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
26. The old ________ taken good cave of in our country.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
27. It seems to me that what Lucy saw and heard ________ very interesting.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
28. Every means _______ tried, but in vain.
A. have been B. has been C. are D. is
29. Many a boy and many a student ________ looking forward to visiting the United States of America at present.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
30. E-mail, as well as telephones, _______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
31. Though small, the ant is as much a creature as _______ all other animals on earth.
A. are B. is C. do D. have
32. Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that _______ not fully understood.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
33. Everybody in our country, men and women, old and young, ________ sports and games.
A. are fond of B. enjoys C. go in for D. take part in
34. There are _______ flowers shown in the park and ________ people go to have a look.
A. varieties of; various B. a plenty of; many
C. various; many a D. quite a few; quite a little
35. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories _________ to be built here.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
36. The engineer and worker referred to ____________ to design something.
A. be going B. are going C. be likely D. is going
37. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _______ of desert _________ covered the land.
A. number; has B. quantity; has
C. number; have D. quantity; have
38. -The education system rather than the teachers _____ to answer for the overburden on the students.
-I agree. I hope the reform being carried out in our country will hang about the _______ results.
A. me; desired B. is; desired
C. are; desiring D. is; desiring
39. His Selected Poems ________ first published in 1986.
A. were B. was C. has been D. is
40. Writing stories and articles ________ what she enjoys most.
A. is B. have been C. was D. were
41. Each of the students in our class ______ great interest in English and they each ______ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary.
A. shows; have B. have; has C. is; have D. takes; has
42. The factory, including its machines and buildings, ________ burnt last night.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
43. The White family _______ very large. All the family _______ animal lovers.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
44. Large quantities of fruit ________ all over the world from China today.
A. is shipped B. are shipped C. has Shipped D. have shipped
45. In our country each boy and each girl _______ the right to receive a good education.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【答案解析】
1．C。“this / the pair of + 名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数；glasses，trousers，clothes等复数名词作主语，谓语动词则用复数。
2．B。There be句型中，主语不止一个时，遵循“就近一致”的原则，即谓语与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
3．A。表示国家，组织、单位的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
4．C。不定代词all作主语，指人时，谓语动词常用复数；指物时，谓语动词常用单数。
5．A。“the rest of + 名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与中心名词保持一致，这里which指代the book．故用is。
6．D。the trouble / problem with ...意为“由……带来的问题；……存在的问题”。题中：the trouble为主语部分的中心词。
7．B。many a(许多) + 单数可数名词或more than one(不止一个) + 单数可数名词作主语时，常遵循“语法一致”的原则，即主语是单数，谓语也用单数。
8．A。此处improvement是不可数名词。
9．A。当and连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子作主语且表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
10．A。police，people，cattle等表示“总称”的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。
11．B。Paul既是我的朋友还是我的同学，主语指的是一个人，故谓语动词用单数，且根据题意，此处需用一般现在时态的主动语态。
12．C。the + 形容词/ -ing形式/ 过去分词(表示-类人或事物)做主语时，谓语动词常用复数，但表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词常用单数。题中the beautiful is not always the useful意为“好看的不一定总是有用的”。
13．B。表示时间、距离、金额数量等的名词作为一个整体作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
14．D。这是一个倒装句，主语是复数形式，故谓语动词用复数。
15．D。be intended to do / for意为“被打算……”。先行词为one of ...结构时，定语认句中的谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为 the (only) one of ...结构时，从句中谓语动词用单数。
16．B。关系代词作主语，定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词保持人称和数的一致。
17．B。not only ... but also，either ... or，neither ... nor，not ... but等结构连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数应遵循“就近一致”的原则。
18．B。不定式、-ing形式短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。注意：当what引导的从句作主语，且表语为名词时，谓语动词的数常由表语的数决定。
19．C。答案B、D本身就错误的，A表示“……的数目”，C表示“许多”，依据谓语是were，选C。
20．B。本题的要点是half of，the rest of，plenty of修饰可数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数，视具体情况而定。如果of后面是不可数名词，谓语用单数，如果of后面是可数名词，则谓语用复数形式。
21．D。本题的变化点是集合名词若作整体看待，谓语用单数；若看作一个个成员时，谓语用复数。
22．B。本题考查知识点是：由 a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of和“名词+ of this kind”等以及由与kind意义相似的 type，sort等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。
23．A。本题考查知识点是不定式做主语时谓语动词的数。句子结构是“疑问词+to do and+疑问词+to do”，谓语动词应为复数形式。但如果两个疑问词加不定式在句中作主语表示一件事的两个侧面，则谓语动词用单数。
24．A。谓语就近一致。
25．A。名词性从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。
26．C。定冠词置于形容词或分词前表示“一类人”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
27．A。主语从句后动词用单数。
28．D。means单复数同形，every means意为“每种方法”，故谓语动词用单数形式。
29．C。“many a + 单数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
30．A。句中的主语是e-mail，不包括as well as telephones。
31．A。此句中的第二个as引导一个限制性定语从句，并在从句中作表语。先行词creature被as修饰，所以定语从句要用as引导。因定语从句的主语是复数名词all other animals，所以谓语用are。全句意思：尽管蚂蚁很小，但它和地球所有其它动物一样都是生物。as much ... as ... 意为“与……一样多的……”、“与……同样”。又如：He has as much interest in politics as in history.他对政治与历史同样感兴趣。 She spent twice as much money on clothing as I do. 她花在衣服上的钱是我花的两倍。
32．A。这里由引导的定语从句修饰复数名词elements，所以定语从句中的that代替的复数意义的名词，其谓语应该用复数形式；这里谈到的是现实存在的事实，排除B项。
33．D。everybody是主语。
34．A。plenty of前不应有a，many a 接“单数名词+单数动词”，quite a little后不能修饰people。
35．A。句中主语是an iron and steel works“一家钢铁厂”，谓语应用单数。
36．D。如果and连接的两个同是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语一般用单数。
37．B。a large quantity of后面跟的是不可数名词desert，而且谓语动词是has。
38．B。the education system是主语，谓语动词应用单数；the desired results意为“期望的结果”。
39．B。以s结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名作主语时，谓语仍用单数。
40．A。单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
41．A。each作主语，谓语动词用单数，作同位语时，谓语动词用复数。
42．D。主语部分含有including，with, together with, rather than, as well as, except等短语时，谓语都应与前边的主语保持一致。
43．A。family，team，government等名词侧重表示整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数；指成员时，谓语动词常用复数。
44．B。“large quantities of +名词”作主语，谓语动词常用复数；a large quantities of + 名词作主语，谓语动词的数由所修饰的名词来定。ship此处意为“用船或飞机运输”。
45．C。each ... and each ...，every ... and every..., no ... no ...,等结构作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。